The first symptoms of diabetes

Diabetes Mellito is a progressive and disabled disease, whose prevalence seriously alarms doctors from all over the world.

This pathology can be attributed to diseases so called civilization, because its main reason lies in the wrong lifestyle to which modern people adhere.

The timely diagnosis of diabetes offers the patient the possibility of delaying the onset of serious complications. But it is not always possible to recognize the first signs of diabetes. The fault of this is the lack of elementary knowledge on this disease and the low level of revelation of the patient for medical assistance.

Attention! Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease and does not yet exist.

What is diabetes mellitus?

Diabetes Mellito is a group of chronic endocrine diseases, whose main manifestations are the lack of absolute or relative insulin in the body and increasing blood sugar. As a result of the disease, all the metabolism is disturbed: protein metabolism, lipid, carbohydrate, mineral. A violation of acid-base balance is also observed.

According to statistical data, from 1 to 8% of people suffering from diabetes, but scientists suggest that the real number of patients is much larger. And this figure increases every year. The number of sick diabetes for children is also growing.

Attention! Insulin is the only hormone that reduces the level of glucose in the blood and promotes its absorption with cells.

Insulin is produced in the pancreatic tissue by its beta cells. The violation of the formation of this hormone following their damage or violation of its absorption by peripheral cells leads to the fact that diabetes begins.

Classification of diabetes

Different types of diabetes are known:

• Type the first previously called insulin. With it, primary insulin insufficiency develops, leading to hyperglycaemia. Very often, the cause of this pathology is the autoimmune damage to the pancreas.
• The second type, previously called insulin -dependent, but this definition is not accurate, since the progression of this type can be requested, the replacement insulin therapy. In this type of disease, the insulin level is first remained normal or even exceeds the norm. However, the cells of the body, first of all, adipocytes (fat cells), become insensitive to it, which leads to an increase in blood glucose levels.

Attention! The factors that cause the onset of the disease are: severe stress, excessive physical activity, hormonal imbalance, transmitted diseases and other significant changes in the body.

Also distinguish:

• Gestational sugar diabetes (in pregnant women).
• Diabetes as a manifestation of genetic or endocrine pathology. In this case, diabetes itself acts as a symptom of a disease.

Three degrees of gravity of the course of the disease are distinguished:

• light;
• average;
• heavy.

The initial signs of type I diabetes mellitus

This type of disease affects young people more often and is considered genetically determined. It can already manifest itself in early childhood.

The first signs of type I diabetes are considered:

• There is a lot to increase your appetite, there is a lot of need, but at the same time a person does not increase in weight or loses weight without special physical efforts and diets. This is due to energy insufficiency in cells, the cause of which is a reduction in glucose absorption.
• The misunderstanding of night urination and an increase in daily diuresis, respectively, a consumption of improved fluids. Polyhia occurs with an increase in osmotic urine pressure due to the increase in the filtration of glucose in the urine.
• The sudden apparition of severe thirst, due to which a person drinks up to 5 liters of liquid per day. Polydipsia has several development mechanisms. The first is to reintegrate the water deficit due to polyuria and the second is made with irritation of the osmorecers in the hypothalamus.
• The appearance of acetonemia, whose signs is the smell of the aexication from the mouth, the urine acquires the smell of the rotten apples. Acetonemia occurs when changing the energy training path from the fat carbohydrate in conditions of glucose deficiency in the cell. At the same time, ketone bodies are formed, which toxically influence the body. Symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting are associated with their influence.
• With the progression of a ketoacidotic state, the first symptom of the initial disease is a diabetic coma.
• An increase in general weakness and an increase in fatigue due to compromised metabolism, the hunger for energy cells of the body and the accumulation of toxic metabolism.
• Violation of vision in the form of blur and vague of objects, redness of the conjunctiva and carving in the eyes.
• Itching of the skin, the formation of a small erosion on the skin and the mucous membranes, which do not heal for a long time.
• Excessive hair loss.

The first type of diabetes mellitus is characterized as it manifests itself abruptly, suddenly and often only acute symptoms in the form of severe ketoacidosis up to a coma forces to regain this diagnosis.

The initial symptoms of type II diabetes

The second type of diabetes develops in people of more mature age, with overweight or obesity. Their mechanism for the development of the pathology lies in the fact that the fat cells are overwhelmed by fat and increase in size. Consequently, the quantity and quality of the receptors to insulin changes, which leads to insensitivity or hormone resistance. In such conditions, glucose is not absorbed.

In the early stages of second type diabetes, a compensatory increase in the synthesis of insulin insulin arises from the pancreas, but as the disease progressed, this reserve is exhausted and the absolute insulin system -dulinaria develops.

A feature of this disease is that its symptoms in the initial phase of diabetes cannot see a person for a long time. Most people explain the deterioration of their health for age -related changes, overload and do not start with diabetes. The late appeal concerning the disease is also explained by the slower progression and cancels the symptoms that with the type I.

Reference! Often type II diabetes is diagnosed by chance when requesting another pathology or on a preventive examination.

Among the first symptoms of diabetes, the most common are as follows:

• Polydipsia occurs from an increase in the drinking regime up to 4-5 liters per day. This serious thirst is more often in patients with mature age. In old age, insensitivity to thirst is observed.
• Polyturia, in particular the greatest acation impulse, is observed at night.
• Improve body weight.
• Increase in appetite especially for sweet foods.
• Growing weakness, sleepiness, fatigue.
• Itching of the skin, especially in the perineum and in the genitals.
• Parestesis and numbness in the lower limbs and palms due to the development of diabetic neuropathy.
• Pain and fatigue in the legs during the walk, a rare attack of the hair, a cooling of the ends due to the defeat of the ships.
• Furunkulosis, candidiasis of the skin and mucous membranes, infected cracks, wounds, wounds, wounds, scratches. Other skin symptoms of the disease are: diabetic dermatopathy, bubbles, xantomas, necrobiosis lipoid, neurodermatitis. All this is a consequence of the reduced regeneration of the skin and reduced immune reactivity.
• Periodontal disease and recurring stomatitis.
• Deterioration of vision due to the toxic effects of high concentrations of glucose in the blood (retinopathy, cataract). As a rule, with the second type of diabetes, the damage to the eye occurs much later than the first.
• Frequent recurrence of urinary tract infections, in particular Pyelonefrite, due to hyperglycaemia and glucosuria.

Signs of the beginning of diabetes in children

Very often, type I diabetes mellitus is diagnosed during the development of acute complications in a small patient: diabetic ketoacidosis or ketoacidotic coma. Parents should pay attention if their child has frequent episodes of ketosis or cyclic vomiting syndrome so called. This condition develops in many constitutionally inclined to the children's acetonimal syndrome. It is aggravated by acute respiratory viral infections, infectious diseases and can lead to dehydration due to vomiting. But this syndrome passes by itself while the child grows.

If ketosis occurs under the age of one year or lasts more than 7-9 years, the endocrinologist should be examined. However, experts advise any manifestation of acetonimia to pass a blood test for glucose.

The very first signs of pathology in children are:

• Polyuria;
• Polycids;
• Strong weight loss.

If these symptoms of diabetes could not be recognized, a child can develop ketoacidosis with such characteristic symptoms:

• Abdominal pain;
• vomiting, nausea;
• dry skin;
• frequent breathing;
• dizziness;
• The smell of acetone in the exhaled air, in urine, vomiting;
• lethargy, sleepiness;
• Loss of consciousness.

Important! If the symptoms of ketoacidosis appear, it is necessary to urgently look for an emergency medical assistance!

The beginning of diabetes sugar in men

In the genital sphere of men with this disease, there are also changes due to compromised innervation (neuropathy) and blood supply to the reproductive organs. These symptoms are characteristic:

• Reduced libido;
• unstable altered erection;
• Infertility due to a decrease in mobility and the number of vital forms of sperm.

Often it also has itching in the genitals due to the irritating effect of secret sweat with a high concentration of glucose.

Diabetes disorders in women

A variety of signs of this disease are observed with damage to the reproductive organs of a woman:

• decrease in sexual interest;
• irregular menstruation;
• dryness and itching of the mucous membrane of the genital organs, candidiasis of the vagina;
• not infinitation of pregnancy;
• infertility.

In pregnant women, sometimes a special type of diabetes occurs: gestational. Therefore, when observing a pregnant woman, the doctor must direct the woman in time for an oral glucose tolerance test and regularly monitor the general analysis of the urine to detect glucosuria.

What to do when the symptoms of diabetes are identified?

It is better to contact an endocrinologist who will tell you which exams you have to suffer to confirm the diagnosis. Laboratory exams include:

• Blood test for the level of glucose on an empty stomach:
• Oral test tolerance for glucose to detect pre -antiabetes;
• blood test for glycosylated hemoglobin;
• Urine analysis for glucosuria;
• Urine analysis for Acetone.

Other laboratory and instrumental methods are used to identify the complications of the disease.

Therefore, it is necessary to relate responsibly to a state of health in order to identify the first signs of diabetes over time.